|
Evaluating Community Policing |
 |
 |
Community Policy and Police Reform in Latin America: What is the Impact?
Hugo Frühling
Center for Studies on Public Safety
Santiago, Chile
2003
Published in Spanish
This paper analyzes several key experiments in community policing in Latin America, including reforms implemented in Belo Horizonte and Sao Paulo, Brazil; Villa Nueva, Guatemala; and Bogota, Colombia. The author discusses how these experiments originated in certain key changes region wide: democratization and other transformations in government and the increase in crime followed by the urgency assigned to reducing crime. He also explores the difficulty of changing institutions, how the police relate to the community and to other public agencies, and the results of these experiments.
Community-Police Interface: Need Assessment Survey
Pramod Kumar
Institute for Development and Communication
Chandigarh, India
2001
Published in English
Twenty years after India established the National Police Commission to make the police accountable to the public crucial reforms still have not been implemented. This report suggests a framework for developing a collaborative relationship between the police and the community.
Comparative Analysis of Indicators on the Relation between Police and the Community
Fernando Salamanca
Center for Studies on Public Safety
Santiago, Chile
2005
Spanish
The purpose of this analysis is to encourage the reflection on the development of indicators able to register the relations between police and the community, in a context of growing acceptance of this new orientation of police work. The document analyzes the general features and expressions of the indicators as well as innovative experiences on indicators referring to local jurisdiction polices, and explores the information sources needed to define indicators. The author sustains the need to organize indicators related to approaching strategies of the police to the community in a structured system, composed by a sequence of items, processes, results and impacts. He demonstrates the applicability of an indicator system of this type to the Chilean reality.
Gender Issues for Policing in Punjab
Rainuka Dagar
Institute for Development and Communication
Chandigarh, India
2002
Published in English
This short paper examines the challenges to shaping a police force that is responsive to the needs of women. It focuses on the low reporting rates for crimes against women, and the cultural context that places women’s honor and protection as a kinship – family domain rather than a law and order problem. Thus dominant view in both police and community being that women’s interactions with police are a stigma to the family and consequently police responses to women could result in their revictimization.
Gender Relations and Discrimination in the Nigerian Force
Etannibi E. O. Alemika and Austin O. Agugua
CLEEN Foundationv
Lagos, Nigeria
2001
Published in English
Analyzes gender relations and discrimination in Nigeria’s police force, looking at how patriarchy and gender roles exclude women from the police force or keep them from advancing in the force. At the time of the study, women made up just four percent of the total population and eight percent of all officers, a gross under-representation that police officers are well aware of. The authors call for affirmative action to attract and maintain a much larger number of women in the force, including putting more emphasis on community policing and other strategies to prevent crime instead of emphasizing reactive policing, which often is characterized as a “theater of violence.”
Improving Police-Community Relations in Russia: Access to Justice and the System of Detecting, Registering and Recording Crime
V. Ovchinsky, K. Goryainov, and K. Kondratuuk
INDEM Foundation
Moscow, Russia
2001
Published in Russian
Investigates the causes and consequences of problems in the detection and registration of crime. The report begins with public assessments of police performance; then analyzes the nature and extent of distortion in reporting, registering, and recording crime; and concludes by identifying several ways in which police practices could be improved, and the system reformed, in order to provide reliable access to justice.
Inclusion of Citizen's Priorities into Police Policy Formulation
INDEM
Moscow, Russia
2004
Russian
The report is based on a comparative analysis of data, gathered from citizens and the police in surveys in order to get information about citizens` priorities in their interaction with the police. Within the research, international experience in citizens-driven external measurement of police performance was generalized, and the mechanism of citizens` control of the police performance was tested. The report provides recommendations about how and why the police should take citizens` interests into account in developing policies, measuring performance and creating civilian oversight mechanisms.
Institutionalizing Community Policing: An Experiment in Community Police Resource Centre (CPRC), Punjab, India
Pramod Kumar
Institute for Development and Communication
Chandigarh, India
2003
Published in English
This Resource Kit provides detailed information about a new type of organization in the Punjab Community Policing Resource Centres (CPRCs), which autonomous registered “societies” jointly managed by representatives of the community and police officials. The CPRCs are designed to make law enforcement services more friendly and accessible to ordinary citizens and more responsive to their needs and, as a result, to build public confidence in the police. The Kit explains the context in which CPRCs developed, how they are structured and operate, and the different kinds of services they provide through specialized “cells” or units. The units include one for victims of crime, one for nonresident Indians, and a unit set up specifically to serve women.
Police Station Walkthrough Kit
Altus Global Alliance
The Hague, the Netherlands
April 2004
Published in English, French, Portuguese, Spanish, and Russian
This concise and easy-to-use kit describes how to make a brief visit to a police station anywhere in the world and rate to what degree that station is designed and operated to serve the public—an important indicator of professional and respectful law enforcement. The kit includes general guidelines for conducting a Walkthrough, instructions for the person leading the visit, and a visitor’s questionnaire and rating grid to produce a numerical score ranging from 10 and 50. Designed and tested by an international team of researchers, the simple yet rigorous Walkthrough methodology can be used to monitor stations over time and also to compare different stations within or across cities.
Police-Community Violence in Nigeria
Etannibi E. O. Alemika and Innocent C. Chukwuma
CLEEN Foundation
Lagos, Nigeria
2000
Published in English
Explores violence by the police and against the police, revealing that both occur frequently in Nigeria. The study shows that involuntary contact between citizens and the police—often at highway checkpoints—is much more common than voluntary encounters. The study also reveals widespread ignorance and misperception about the role and powers of the police, a legacy of both colonial and post-colonial governments using the police to suppress citizens. As a result, citizens typically resent the police, even when officers are engaged in appropriate law enforcement activities. Their resentment sometimes leads to violence against officers as well as police reprisals.
Policing and Gender Sensitization: A Strategy
Rainuka Dagar
Institute for Development and Communication
Chandigarh, India
2002
Published in English
This short paper outlines practical ways that police agencies can advance the rights and safety of woman, and embrace that work as a core institutional responsibility.
Policy, Rights, Violence and Homosexuality
Sergio Carrara, Silvia Ramos, and Marcio Caetano
Pallas
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
2003
Published in Portuguese
In order to become more familiar with the participants in the Gay and Lesbian Pride Parades in Brazil, researchers, activists, and volunteers from Grupo Arco-Íris (the Rainbow Group), the Center for Studies on Public Security and Citizenship, and the Latin American Center on Sexuality and Human Rights (CLAM) from the State University of Rio de Janeiro conducted a quantitative study in 2003 on the Gay Pride Parade in Rio de Janeiro (Copacabana), the results of which are presented in this publication. In addition to analyses of this community’s social and political profile, the book presents 35 tables and 65 graphs with the main results of the research.
Respectful and Effective Policing: Two Examples in the South Bronx
Robert C. Davis and Pedro Mateu-Gelabert
Vera Institute of Justice
New York, USA
March 1999
Published in English and Portuguese
This report examines two Bronx, New York, police precincts where commanders, counter to trends in most of city, have reduced civilian complaints about police conduct, even as their precincts shared the city's success in reducing crime.
Testing Community Supervision for the INS: An Evaluation of the Appearance Assistance Program
Eileen Sullivan, Felinda Mottino, Ajay Khashu, and Moira O'Neil
Vera Institute of Justice
New York, USA
August 2000
Published in English
This report describes and evaluates a supervised release program for immigrants in removal proceedings that Vera began testing in New York City in February 1997 and closed in March 2000. Vera’s evaluation of the pilot program showed that the United States Immigration and Naturalization Services does not have to detain all non-citizens in removal proceedings to ensure high rates of appearance at immigration court hearings and compliance with the final court orders. The study also showed that supervision is more cost-effective than detention.
The Use of Citizen Surveys as a Tool for Police Reform
Robert C. Davis
Vera Institute of Justice
New York, USA
July 2000
Published in English
Citizen surveys, long used by researchers to test hypotheses about police-citizen interactions, have recently been deployed as a tool for promoting police reform. This paper examines the citizen survey's potential role in creating more accountable and effective police forces, drawing on examples from Chicago, Illinois; Queens, New York; and St. Petersburg, Russia.
Tracing Community Police Resource Centre: An Experiment in Social Governance
Pramod Kumar
Institute for Development and Communication
Chandigarh, India
2003
Published in English
This report traces the development of community policing in the Punjab, leading to the creation of Community Policing Resource Centres (CPRCs) statewide—independent organizations jointly managed by representatives of the community and police officials.
|
|
|
|
Bibliography
|
